Clinical Relevance: Abnormal Positioning of the Uterus
In some individuals, the uterus may not lie in an anteflexed and anteverted position. The three most common dispositions are:
Fig 1.2 – The two types of retroverted uterus. Note how the main body of the uterus lies directly above the vagina, increasing the risk of prolapse.
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Excessively anteflexed
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Anteflexed and retroverted
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Retroflexed and retroverted
These abnormal positionings do not inherently cause any medical problems. However, the retroverted uterus is positioned directly above the vagina. Thus in instances of increased abdominal pressure, the uterus is more likely toprolapse into the vagina.
Uterine prolapse is particularly prevalent in those with a histology of pelvic floor damage.
Cervical Cancer
Cancer of the cervix the most common cancer affecting the female reproductive tract. There are two main classifications of cervical cancer:
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Squamous cell carcinoma – cancer of the epithelial lining of the ectocervix.
- Adenocarcinoma – cancer of the glands found within the lining of the cervix.
Infection of the female genitalia with human papilloma virus (HPV), is widely known as the cause of the majority of cervical cancers. Latest vaccinations against cervical cancer are, in essence, a vaccination against HPV.
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